بدبینی، بی ارزشی، فقدان لذت و تشخیص افکار مرگ DSM-IV افسردگی اساسی در بیماران بستری شده بیمارستان پزشکی

Background Major depression can be difficult to diagnose in medically ill patients, as distinct mood states may not be adequately differentiated. Previous research has found several dimensions of mood states, including demoralization (hopelessness/helplessness) and anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure). DSM–IV major depression was highly prevalent in the clusters of participants typified by high levels of demoralization, and to a slightly lesser extent, anhedonia. Objective The present study provides a further analysis of 312 medically ill patients, examining how key individual symptoms of demoralization and anhedonia relate to DSM–IV major depression. Method The authors used logistic-regression and classification and regression-tree (CART) analysis to relate variables of demoralization/anhedonia and major depression. Results Two combinations of symptoms 1) pessimism and worthlessness; and 2) pessimism, loss of interest in others, and thoughts of death, were highly associated with major depression. Conclusion The identification of key symptoms, particularly those involving pessimism, may aid clinical understanding and treatment of depression.

Results Of the original sample of 312 hospital patients, 12 (3.8%) had missing diagnostic information for DSM–IV major depression and so were excluded from the statistical analyses. Of the remaining 300 patients, 57 (19.0%) met current (past month) diagnostic criteria for DSM–IV major depression.