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Participants are more likely to give positive responses on a recognition test to pseudowords (pronounceable nonwords) than words. A series of experiments suggests that this difference reflects the greater overall familiarity of pseudowords than of words. Pseudowords receive higher ratings of similarity to a studied list than do words. Pseudowords receive more positive recognition responses than words even when pseudowords are remembered at least as well as words. This pseudoword effect is found on forced-choice recognition and on frequency judgments but not in associative recognition.