بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر مصرف انرژی و آسایش حرارتی برای خانه های غیر فعال انرژی خورشیدی با دیوار ذخیره سازی حرارتی آب

A passive solar house (PSH) could fully receive and store the incident radiation by the rational arrangement of the building structure and the utility of the massive construction materials. The influence of water thermal storage wall (WTSW) on the indoor thermal environment is analyzed in this paper. Besides, different parts of the building envelope exert varying degrees of impact on the building energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort. Research on the influencing factors could provide references for the building energy conservation design and the retrofit of existing buildings. A PSH with interior walls of WTSW is studied, which is currently being used in North China. Field measurements were carried out in the reference building. TRNSYS was used to simulate the variation of indoor air temperature. The results of simulation and orthogonal analysis indicate that compared to traditional wall the PSH equipped with WTSW can reduce yearly energy consumption by 8.6% and improve indoor thermal comfort evaluation index by 12.9%. Meanwhile, significance of four different structural parameters (namely the shape coefficient, building orientation, glazing ratio of the south wall and the interior wall structure) respectively on the energy consumption and thermal comfort is obtained by the variance analysis.

Building energy consumption in European countries accounts for 40% of the total social energy use [1], while in New York reaches up to 2/3 [2]. Since building energy consumption is able to be reduced significantly by fully consideration of the heating and cooling loads at building design stage, much more attentions are paid on the optimization of the building envelopes than ever before [3]. The influencing factors of the building envelope generally include the outline dimension, orientation, glazing area and thermo-physical properties of construction materials [4]. Heat exchange area with the outdoor air is determined by the building outline dimension. Wang et al. [5] researched the impact of flat shape on the building life cycle cost. Ourghi et al. [6] considered that a strong correlation existed between the yearly energy consumption and the building shape coefficient, which was defined as the ratio of external surface area over the inner volume. In addition, Depecker et al. [7] regarded the above strong correlation to be effective only in the places with large heating degree days or a short duration of sunshine. Besides, Marks [8] and Adamski [9] optimized the outline dimension from the building costs and yearly heating costs. Mingfang [10] studied the optimal building form basing on the solar heat control in summer and Aksoy et al. [11] researched the influence of shape factor on the heating demand in winter.

With the increasingly large amount of the building energy consumption, optimization design on the building envelope becomes an effective method to reduce the building energy demand. This paper studied a passive solar house in use that comprised a new kind of water thermal storage wall. The reference building model was established with TRNSYS. Basing on the model, the orthogonal analysis was designed to study the influence of the WTSW and the impact significance degrees of different structure parameters. Conclusions are obtained as following. (1) The indoor environment with WTSW is better than that with ordinary wall. The superiority arises both from the view of energy saving and the thermal comfort. The studied PSH with WTSW reduce 8.6% of the yearly energy consumption and raise the thermal comfort evaluation index by 12.9%. (2) With regard to the energy consumption index of NDDs, the influence significance order of the building envelope parameters is the glazing ratio, building orientation, the interior wall structure and shape coefficient. (3) As to the thermal comfort index of DI, which indicates the thermal discomfort, the influence significance order becomes the glazing ratio, building orientation, shape coefficient and the interior wall structure.