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بازنشستگی به معنی توقف فعالیت های حرفه ای به علت ازدیاد سن است که این امکان را برای کارگر فراهم می آورد تا از حقوق بازنشستگی استفاده کند. در قرن 19 میلادی فکر کمک به افرادی که سالهای بسیاری را در امورخدماتی به سر برده اند در برخی از کشورهای اروپایی شکل گرفت. از سال 1869 قانونی در انگلستان وضع شد که به موجب آن به مقامات سیاسی پس از مدت معینی خدمت حقوق بازنشستگی پرداخت می شد. بازنشستگی به شکل نمادین و قانونمند از نوامبر سال 1881 ابتدا در آلمان و به سرعت در سایر کشورها بوجود آمد. در ایران در سال 1301 قانون استخدام کشوری و در سال 1302 قانون استخدام قضات به تصویب رسید که در هر دو قانون پرداخت حقوق بازنشستگی منظور شده است. و پس از آن قوانین دیگری وضع شد که به موجب آن ها حقوق بازنشستگی به عموم کارکنان لشکری و کشوری تعلق گرفت. در سال 1328 اولین قانون کار به تصویب رسید و صندوقی به نام تعاون و بیمه کارگری تشکیل گردید که به کارگران پیر و از کار افتاده حقوق پرداخت می نمود.
در این صفحه، تعداد 208 مقاله انگلیسی از ژورنال ها و مجلات معتبر پایگاه ساینس دایرکت (ScienceDirect) درباره موضوع بازنشستگی آرشیو شده است که شما می توانید مقالات مورد نظر خود را بر اساس سال انتشار، موضوع مقاله، وضعیت ترجمه و تعداد صفحات، انتخاب نموده و دانلود فرمایید.
در صورتی که مقاله لاتین مورد نظر شما تا کنون به زبان فارسی ترجمه نشده باشد، واحد ترجمه پایگاه ISI Articles با همکاری تنی چند از اساتید و مترجمان با سابقه، آمادگی دارد آن را در اسرع وقت و با کیفیت مطلوب برای شما ترجمه نماید.
در صورتی که مقاله لاتین مورد نظر شما تا کنون به زبان فارسی ترجمه نشده باشد، واحد ترجمه پایگاه ISI Articles با همکاری تنی چند از اساتید و مترجمان با سابقه، آمادگی دارد آن را در اسرع وقت و با کیفیت مطلوب برای شما ترجمه نماید.
The influence of subjective life expectancy on retirement transition and planning: A longitudinal study
Do managers act opportunistically towards the end of their career?
The effect of longevity drift and investment volatility on income sufficiency in retirement
Athletes' experiences of social support during their transition out of elite sport: An interpretive phenomenological analysis
Gradual retirement, financial incentives, and labour supply of older workers: Evidence from a stated preference analysis
The impact of emissions-based taxes on the retirement of used and inefficient vehicles: The case of Switzerland
Between activity and solidarity: Comprehending retirement and extended working lives in Swedish rural areas
The effect of the New Rural Social Pension Insurance program on the retirement and labor supply decision in China
Intra-household allocation of non-mandatory retirement savings
Paradoxical effects of increasing the normal retirement age: A prospective evaluation
The mortality effects of retirement: Evidence from Social Security eligibility at age 62
Permanent wage cost subsidies for older workers. An effective tool for employment retention and postponing early retirement?
Pay me now (and later): Pension benefit manipulation before plan freezes and executive retirement
Is retirement good for menâs health? Evidence using a change in the retirement age in Israel
Individual and peer effects in retirement savings investment choices
Smoking and early retirement due to chronic disability
Do retirement savings increase in response to information about retirement and expected pensions?
Land use and land cover change in Inner Mongolia - understanding the effects of China's re-vegetation programs
Does postponing minimum retirement age improve healthy behaviors before retirement? Evidence from middle-aged Italian workers
Your retirement and my health behavior: Evidence on retirement externalities from a fuzzy regression discontinuity design
Effectiveness of early retirement disincentives: Individual welfare, distributional and fiscal implications
The joint contribution of cardiovascular disease and socioeconomic status to disability retirement: A register linkage study
The educational, racial and gender crossovers in life satisfaction: Findings from the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Disabling Chronic Pain: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study
Stress, self-regulation, and context: Evidence from the health and retirement survey
The academic radiography workforce: Age profile, succession planning and academic development
Visual and hearing impairment and retirement in older adults: A population-based cohort study
Representativeness of the low-income population in the Health and Retirement Study
An aggregate model for policy analysis with demographic change
Inter-connected trends in cognitive aging and depression: Evidence from the health and retirement study
Retiring for better health? Evidence from health investment behaviors in Japan
The genesis of the golden age: Accounting for the rise in health and leisure
Metabolic syndrome in retired soccer players: A pilot study
The power of the pen reconsidered: The media, CEO human capital, and corporate governance
Changes in spending and labor supply in response to a Social Security benefit cut: Evidence from stated choice data
Four Challenges Facing the Nursing Workforce in the United States
Going nuclear for climate mitigation: An analysis of the cost effectiveness of preserving existing U.S. nuclear power plants as a carbon avoidance strategy
Alcohol and healthy ageing: a challenge for alcohol policy
Understanding the retirement-consumption puzzle through the lens of food consumption-fuzzy regression-discontinuity evidence from urban China
His way, her way: Retirement timing among dual-earner couples
What is a sustainable retirement village? Perceptions of Australian developers
Mental retirement and health selection: Analyses from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study
Activity in the third age: Examining the relationship between careers and retirement experiences
Changes in use of time across retirement: A longitudinal study
Assessing the impact of nuclear retirements on the U.S. power sector
Impact of persistent bad returns and volatility on retirement outcomes
The effect of employment transitions on physical health among the elderly in South Korea: A longitudinal analysis of the Korean Retirement and Income Study
How does transitioning into retirement impact the individual emotional system? Evidence from the Swiss context
The dynamic impact of retirement on health: Evidence from a nationwide ten-year panel survey in Japan
Longevity-linked assets and pre-retirement consumption/portfolio decisions
What is the role of place identity in older farming couples' retirement considerations?
The market sensitivity of retirement and defined contribution pensions: Evidence from the public sector
The retirement cliff: Power plant lives and their policy implications
Optimal consumption, investment and housing with means-tested public pension in retirement
Precautionary savings, retirement planning and misperceptions of financial literacy
The effects of age pension on retirement drawdown choices
Factors Influencing Pediatrician Retirement: A Survey of American Academy of Pediatrics Chapter Members
Do Required Minimum Distribution Rules Matter? The Effect of the 2009 Holiday on Retirement Plan Distributions