آزمایش و مطالعه شبیه سازی در تخلیه شخصی آتش آپارتمانهای دانشجویی در پردیس

The paper sets an evacuation scene and evacuation parameters at the actual situation in case of high-rise student apartment fire, applied BuildingExodus Evacuation Model software, and calculated the dynamic changes of evacuation time and evacuation amounts of people in each access of the building, which accords with the result of fire evacuation drill. It is concluded that it is reasonable and practicable using model software to simulate evacuation time for each floor, and the result can be a substantial reference for actual evacuation time in case of fire.

With the rapid development of economic construction and sharp increases of material wealth, large-scale and ultra large buildings have emerged unceasingly, therefore the potential safety hazards are increasing constantly. Fire is one of the most common hazards which seriously harm people’s lives and property and directly influences economic development and social stability. High-rise fire evacuation is directly related with people’s life safety, and how to effectively prevent and reduce the casualties, especially group casualties, in case of fire has become an emphasis and hotspot of domestic and overseas public safety study at present. However, high-rise student apartment fire, with features of large student amounts, living centralization and big chances of fire, therefore is likely to cause great economic loss, significant casualties and substantial social influences[1]. For this purpose, this paper addresses actual situation of campus and student apartments of some university in Beijing and develops the experimental and numerical simulation study of safety evacuation.

(1) BuildingExodus model software is able to simulate evacuation of people of single attribute in multilayer buildings by reasonably defining the attributes of evacuee; (2) After evacuation, people on the ground floor evacuate swiftly to the outer area while people of other floors immediately gather in the staircases and get blocked. The slow rate of evacuation in staircases is the main influential factor of evacuation time; (3) The numbers of people evacuated from 3 emergency exits differ greatly and no conjunction occurs at ground evacuation exits; (4) The reasonable placement of 3 staircases and appropriate increase of staircase width can greatly reduce the total evacuation time; (5) The safe evacuation time can be reduced by increasing staircases and widening evacuation passageway, while these measures have some difficulty for the current structure of buildings. Therefore, it is recommended to settle sub-safe areas to alleviate the tense of the evacuee and prevent panics and congestion in the staircases