ملاحظات اقتصادی و زیست محیطی در یک سیستم بررسی مستمر کنترل موجودی با تصمیم گیری یکپارچه حمل و نقل

Sustainability throughout supply chains is gaining more importance and re-planning inventory operations can help companies curb emissions. In this study, we present two bi-objective integrated continuous review inventory control and transportation models with less-than-truckload and truckload carriers. Solution methods to approximate the Pareto Frontiers are proposed. Numerical studies illustrate the effects of demand variance and lead time on expected costs and carbon emissions as well as the changes in expected costs and carbon emissions due to sustainability considerations. Sample examples illustrate the use of the methods to compare different carriers in terms of not only economic but also environmental considerations.