NONCONVENTIONAL PROVISIONS IN REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS: DO THEY ENHANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE?
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نقش تجارت آزاد در تحکیم صلح و بهبود استحکام اقتصادی، از حدود دو قرن پیش مورد تاکید اقتصاددانان مختلف بوده است. از حدود سه دهه پیش نیز شاهد امضای قراردادهای متعدد تجارت آزاد، به‌ویژه میان کشورهایی با فاصله جغرافیایی نزدیک بوده‌ایم؛ کشورهایی که تلاش کرده‌اند با امضای قرارداد تجارت آزاد، علاوه بر کمک به استحکام روابط سیاسی، شرایط تمرینی مناسبی، برای تولیدکنندگان خود درجهت ورود به عرصه رقابت اقتصادی بین‌المللی ایجاد کنند. چنین سیاست های تجاری که باعث تسهیل تجارت و همکاری های اقتصادی بین دو یا چند کشور می شوند، دامنه وسیع و گسترده دارند. اگرچه در مراحل اولیه ممکن است این سیاست ها بسیار محدود باشند، ولی در مراحل بعدی گسترش بیشتری می یابند. البته باید توجه داشت که تشکیل یکپارچگی اقتصادی همواره منطق اقتصادی ندارد، بلکه گاهی نیز انگیزه های سیاسی و فرهنگی همانند برقراری امنیت در منطقه، وجود فرهنگ و مذهب مشترک باعث شکل گیری یکپارچگی می شود. در بسیاری از مواقع کشورهای همسایه برای جلوگیری از تنش های سیاسی و بروز جنگ، پیمان های همکاری تجاری و اقتصادی تشکیل می دهند.
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