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اقتصاد زیر زمینی که از آن تعابیر مختلفی چون اقتصاد سیاه، غیر رسمی، نامنظم، گزارش نشده و ... می شود، به آن بخش از محیط کسب و کار و تولید ثروت اطلاق می شود که به علت غیر قانونی بودن فعالیت یا پیامدهایی که شفاف سازی کسب و کار قانونی برای فعالان این بخش به همراه دارد به دور از دید مقامات قانونی انجام می پذیرد. اقتصاد زیرزمینی را می توان به دو بخش اقتصاد مجرمانه و اقتصاد متخلفانه تقسیم کرد. اندازه بخش زیرزمینی در بیشتر کشورها نسبتاً قابل توجه بوده و فعالیتهای این بخش علت بسیاری از نابسامانی های اقتصـادی است. عواملی مانند بار مالیاتی و نابرابری در توزیع درآمد به بروز پدیده اقتصاد زیر زمینی دامن می زند. در شرایطی که بار مالیاتی افزایش می یابد، برای افراد بخش کمتری از درآمد تحقق یافته باقی می ماند. به این دلیل افراد ترجیح می دهند به سمت فعالیت هایی که امکان فرار مالیاتی در آن بیشتر است روی آورند.
در این صفحه، تعداد 89 مقاله انگلیسی از ژورنال ها و مجلات معتبر پایگاه ساینس دایرکت (ScienceDirect) درباره موضوع اقتصاد زیرزمینی آرشیو شده است که شما می توانید مقالات مورد نظر خود را بر اساس سال انتشار، موضوع مقاله، وضعیت ترجمه و تعداد صفحات، انتخاب نموده و دانلود فرمایید.
در صورتی که مقاله لاتین مورد نظر شما تا کنون به زبان فارسی ترجمه نشده باشد، واحد ترجمه پایگاه ISI Articles با همکاری تنی چند از اساتید و مترجمان با سابقه، آمادگی دارد آن را در اسرع وقت و با کیفیت مطلوب برای شما ترجمه نماید.
در صورتی که مقاله لاتین مورد نظر شما تا کنون به زبان فارسی ترجمه نشده باشد، واحد ترجمه پایگاه ISI Articles با همکاری تنی چند از اساتید و مترجمان با سابقه، آمادگی دارد آن را در اسرع وقت و با کیفیت مطلوب برای شما ترجمه نماید.
A multi-criteria analysis of coal-based power generation in Bangladesh
Research on removing reservoir core water sensitivity using the method of ultrasound-chemical agent for enhanced oil recovery
The macroeconomic impact of organised crime: A post-Keynesian analysis
The role of electricity storage and hydrogen technologies in enabling global low-carbon energy transitions
Investigation and Analysis on the Setting of Cross Passage and Auxiliary Passage in Extra-Long Highway Tunnel
The role of workplace health and safety representatives and the creeping responsibilisation of occupational health and safety on South African mines
A three-level framework for balancing the tradeoffs among the energy, water, and air-emission implications within the life-cycle shale gas supply chains
Detection and recognition of mechanical, digging and vehicle signals in the optical fiber pre-warning system
Island Megalopolises: Tunnel Systems as a Critical Alternative in Solving Transport Problems
Uraveli mineral spring and its exploration for industrial development
Trouble at the end of the line: Local activism and social acceptance in low-carbon electricity transmission in Lower Franconia, Germany
The First World War and the Latin American transition from coal to petroleum
Experimental performance evaluation and parametric study of a solar-ground source heat pump system operated in heating modes
Coking coal mining investment: Boosting European Union's raw materials initiative
Investment strategy for underground gas storage facilities based on real option model considering gas market reform in China
A new procedure for recycling waste tailings as cemented paste backfill to underground stopes and open pits
Investigating the effect of renewable energy incentives and hydrogen storage on advantages of stakeholders in a microgrid
Interaction effect of tax evasion and legal system inefficiency on firms' financial constraints
Employer-paid parking, mode choice, and suburbanization
Measuring the size of the shadow economy using a dynamic general equilibrium model with trends
A meta-analysis of coal mining induced subsidence data and implications for their use in the carbon industry
Present status and development trends of underground space in Chinese cities: Evaluation and analysis
Asset management to support urban land and subsurface management
Integrated tech-paradigm based innovative approach towards ecological coal mining
A risk assessment based optimization method for route selection of hazardous liquid railway network
Performance analysis of a wind tower in combination with an underground channel
Study of impact factors of willingness to pay regarding water reserve of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Beijing based on Bayesian network model
Screening and ranking framework for underground hydrogen storage site selection in Poland
Underground dreams. Uncertainty, risk and anticipation in the gold production network
Key indicators for the resilience of complex urban public spaces
Study on Optimization of Underground Water Source Heat Pump
Socio-technical study of small-scale gold mining in Suriname
Energy saving potentials from the application of heat pipes on geothermal heat pump system
Formation of a list of critical facilities in the gas transportation system of Russia in terms of energy security
What drives people's opinions of electricity infrastructure? Empirical evidence from Ireland
To fully exert the important role of natural gas in building a modern energy security system in China: An understanding of China's National l3th Five-Year Plan for Natural Gas Development
Rural settlement changes in compound land use areas: Characteristics and reasons of changes in a mixed mining-rural-settlement area in Shanxi Province, China
Selling stories of techno-optimism? The role of narratives on discursive construction of carbon capture and storage in the Japanese media
Energopolitics and nuclear waste: Containing the threat of radioactivity
Analysis of energy consumption and carbon footprint from underground haulage with different power sources in typical Canadian mines
Global land-use change hidden behind nickel consumption
Opportunities and Challenges in Deep Mining: A Brief Review
Legal considerations for urban underground space development in Malaysia
The poverty implications of alternative tax reforms: Results from a numerical application to Pakistan
Monetary valuation of urban underground space: A critical issue for the decision-making of urban underground space development
Feasibility Study of Social Network Analysis on Loosely Structured Communication Networks
Simplified method to determine the collector area of solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system
Social perception of unconventional gas extraction on the outskirts of a former coal-mining area in Northeast France
Urban underground logistics system in China: Opportunities or challenges?
A strategic approach to selecting policy mechanisms for addressing coal mine methane emissions: A case study on Kazakhstan
A preliminary investigation of underground residential buildings: Advantages, disadvantages, and critical risks
Credit constraints, sector informality and firm investments: evidence from a panel of Uruguayan firms
Study on developing status and appropriate technologies analysis of green residential buildings in Hunan Province
Can the shadow economy undermine the effect of political stability on inflation? empirical evidence
Perspectives of using the geological subsurface for hydrogen storage in Poland
Coal utilization eco-paradigm towards an integrated energy system
Climate change, the built environment and triple-helix innovation
Sustainability analysis on Urban Mobility based on Social Media content
Underground biomass accumulation of two economically important non-timber forest products is influenced by ecological settings and swiddenersâ management in the Bago Mountains, Myanmar
The development of techno-economic models for large-scale energy storage systems
Economic and social aspects of restructuring Polish coal mining: Focusing on Poland and the EU
The underground economy: Tracking the higher-order economic impacts of the São Paulo Subway System
Impact of Shadow Economy on Quality of Life: Indicators and Model Selection ☆
Why do consumers purchase goods and services in the informal economy? ☆
Hidden workers and the hidden worker potential in the Netherlands ☆
Crimeware-as-a-service—A survey of commoditized crimeware in the underground market