آموزش عالی در مهندسی صنایع در کشور پرو: به سمت یک مدل جدید بر اساس مهارت

This article analyzes the progress of Industrial Engineering in Peru, the relationship to major trends in Europe and North America, and the projected outlook for the future. It is determined that the need for this engineering specialty includes a significant degree of resource management, and the formation of engineers through education requires not only the acquisition and strengthening of technical knowledge, but also the development of the competences that are required by both employers and the recipients of the benefits of engineering: society. Conclusions have been drawn based on state-of-the-art analyses from Europe and North America, and definitions of trends for engineering.

Present-day engineering is a profession in which the knowledge of basic science is applied to the efficient use of materials and forces of nature in order to meet the growing needs of humankind. Its development has been linked to the history of nations, as it reflects how humanity has adapted the world to meet its needs, as seen by the technical achievements that have been made. Thus, it can be seen through the history of humankind that the initial discipline was a profession that strove to improve quality of life. The stages of human development can be marked by the findings of technical activities through history. One example is the Agricultural Revolution, which helped humanity to transform from a nomadic to sedentary lifestyle through the ingenuity to meet and fulfill basic needs by using craft work, military activity, irrigation and construction. According to some historians, these changes arose in Syria and Iran staring in 8000 BCE. This shift in migration created new needs and demands. Consequently, the regions that were found along the overland route from China to enjoyed an advantageous position along with significant contributions of knowledge from emigrants, who simultaneously served as carriers of the knowledge they felt compelled to develop. These regions include the Middle East and the Mediterranean Sea, and stand out in history as cultures with the earliest development of engineering: Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Eastern Europe, Greek and Roman cultures. Within these cultures, scientific and technological advancements were promptly developed

European and American engineering developments have traveled similar paths, and in Peru, these same paths have been taken, so it is imperative to take into account the European and American trends in order to shape industrial engineering appropriately in Peru. - Since its creation, engineering has responded to social, business and environmental requirements. n the future it should keep considering this task and therefore programs of stud must balance engineering content with liberal arts and humanities in order to form graduates with tools to act within the complex human networks that surround technical problems. - It is essential for an engineer to acquire a professional identity during his undergraduate education, and contextualize their learning to meet the realities of their environment. This will require learning processes that encourage student mobility, assimilate to transculturation, and advocate the differences between students to allow them to move closer to practical, real situations in their programs. - In the coming years engineering programs will need to emphasize competence training beyond specialized knowledge. Employers and society require basic skills to deal with rapid change: competitiveness and innovation. Failing to provide the opportunity to the student to develop competences will disadvantage the graduate in the changing and demanding world. - Industrial engineering has shifted its focus after the Industrial Revolution, from the man to machine replacement and the Taylorist approach, to the information generation, in which everything is given. The future student will ask if he will be required to attend to a training center. The possibility of obtaining instruction at home with fully accredited information will need to be evaluated to see if the skills sought after are achieved in the format of convenient distance learning programs. - Technology changes so fast and is so abundant that engineering graduates cannot stay up to date with state-of-the art technology in their specialty post-college. The technology-based individual will not be the one that knows the most about a specific area, but the one who is able to function in a changing environment with comfort and respect for society and the environment. Graduates should be able to master the techniques of their area and show sufficient ability to manage the resources allocated in favorable or hostile environments. - The modern industrial engineering should pay attention to all the variables mentioned in this text and will have to do it quickly and decisively. The possibility that other institutions can become accredited and offer different options wit distinct attributes may attract young students and lead to an uncertain future to the university system.