سیستم های مدیریت منابع سازمانی پیشرفته برای صنعت دسته ای. الگوریتم TicTacToe

Since 1997 the authors have prototyped an enterprise resource management (ERM) system recommending essential improvements to the available software packages, which today claim automatic real time performance and an efficient transaction-oriented approach. The ERM system proposed is a decision-making tool for the manufacturing industry, which makes integrated financial/production trade-off planning and optimisation in the supply chain management. The application supports management cycles because during its use are available degrees of freedom to make the system work as a decision-making tool. The enterprises must be aware of its internal problems to be dynamically approachable instead of prematurely evolving to networked enterprises by links in the electronic commerce. ERM systems are capable of managing dynamically realistic and optimal delivery dates with price-time trade-off during the marketing activities. Cost objective functions integrated with system performance measures are developed, including a cost model to evaluate the due date policy economics in real time. The order management system proposed is based on the TicTacToe algorithm, which follows an exact non-combinatorial deterministic approach to time and optimise production sequences in multiproduct plants in very short time using asymmetric travelling salesman problem formulations for the scheduling task. The resulting tool is appropriate to fulfil the requirements of autonomous order entry systems in integrated real time systems.

Good management practices in the industry during the exploitation phase are necessary to preserve the firm during his whole life cycle. In the process industries, the driving force is not the same as years ago: lowering costs or filling manufacturing capacities. Low costs are the effect of other decisive facts, which are shorter lead-time, design of new products and processes, quality, service and reliability. The technical and business management in the process industry is linked to the workflow within Intranets and Internet, passing through the electronic mail for commerce and business promotion. The companies must be turned in make-to-order operation linking the actual/forecasted orders instantly to the plant floor. Besides this, the manufacturing process innovation and the competence of the company have to be assessed in time to ensure a high technology status. Simulation and optimisation techniques are used simultaneously to operatively manage the firm's plans. Efficient evaluation and updating of plant's logistics inventory control, maintenance, production, quality, investment/retrofitting, accounting, finances and sales functions are now more necessary. Interactive on line schedulers tracking the production events and the financial resources in enterprise resource management (ERM) systems can assure the solvency with the overall enterprise management optimisation during the now a days short life cycle of products and processes. In this paper are compared the mean features and limitations of the actual commercial software with the proposed management system architecture.

The importance of TSP problems – classified as “NP Hard” combinatorial problems – is directly related to the many practical applications that can be formulated in this form. In this work, the scheduling problem is formulated as an ATSP problem and the TicTacToe algorithm is proposed to solve it. The algorithm requires a polynomial number of steps (O(n3)) to find a solution. The quality of the results is extremely good since in all the problems tested so far the deviation from optimal solution is very small. In a refinement phase, several aspects of the method need to be further studied, as a more dynamic and intelligent exploration looking for candidates. Therefore, it is premature to draw conclusions about its behaviour, but some comments certainly can be done. Due to the exploration criterion developed, the solution structure created actuates as an automatism, which takes into account simultaneously all the aspects of the problem during the necessary dynamical steps in correspondence with the decisions made during the iterations. Manual solutions are not discarded, inclusive for medium sized problems. Obtaining reserved from obligated elements constitutes the driving force of the algorithm. In the pursuit of the optimum explores systematically the neighbourhood defined by the exclusion of the obliged element. The size of the considered neighbourhoods allows a complete exploration without having to resort to enumerative methods. Additionally, since at each iteration of the process a new element is added to subsequent iterations, important reductions in the domain of the problem are made when the respective rows and columns are eliminated. Real time optimisation (RTO) problems and integrated systems are waiting for and must foster improved solutions to old, complex, and unsolved problems. New approaches with trade-off scopes must be developed to fill the gap between technology and science. The TicTacToe algorithm is an effort in this direction and can be suitable for a wide range of RTO problems including the ERM systems. A software generation with ERM systems can improve the enterprise economics world-wide avoiding the actual blindness in its financial management and optimising the discrete financial tasks and commercial events of the supply chain. ERM systems can make these new breakthroughs since no single tool in the market is capable of following up the money movements and capital recovery of a company during its exploitation life cycle period. Leader software companies try today to create digital nervous systems at enterprise level. These high quality systems need a circulatory system to irrigate them. Cash flow is the lifeblood of a company. Without a healthy cash circulation, the supposed digital nervous system soon could become a network of dumb terminals. A new generation with ERM systems could fulfil this role. Despite the availability of ERP type software the gap between the reality and what is needed remains large due to the absence of computer-aided money-based cross-functional links and the lack of an optimised open web-based company environment with improved solutions to actual problems. The support of the European Community (BRPR-CT98-9005) and CICYT (QU199-1091) is gratefully acknowledged.