مدیریت زمان واقعی اطلاعات مکانی طراحی : نمایندگی مبتنی بر فضای طرح طبقه ی ساختمان ها

The current trend towards globalization forces the AEC community to change its practical approach from a non-systematic, labor-intensive to a systematic one. Based on the paradigm shifted from ‘drawing’ to ‘constructing’ in architectural design practice, this paper focuses on developing a new type of CAD system that automatically constructs and manages well-structured floor plans with minimum geometrical input from the designer. The paper also took advantage of the building data models developed from the prior research. The model includes hierarchical building components such as ‘building’, ‘plan’, ‘space’, ‘ring’, ‘wall skeleton’, ‘surface’, ‘column’, etc. The creation algorithm developed assures a semantically rich and structurally correct floor plan at any point in the design process. In particular, the floor plan constructed through the design process contains spatial information as well as other design information about the building components. Thus, the system effectively manages spatial design information in the real-time basis. Since the system implemented on the basis of the algorithm is the very first step toward a complete intelligent CAD system, research and development issues to be considered next are identified at the end of the paper.

The current trend towards globalization forces the AEC community to change its practical approach from a non-systematic, labor-intensive to a systematic one. The need for the paradigm shifted from ‘drawing’ to systematically ‘constructing’ for design practices is also recognized. However, the dominant usage in the building industry is still based on using CAD as a graphics editor. [3] Consequently, most CAD systems only support drawing works. They only manage graphical information, and are weak to consistently manage design information being generated during the design process. Due to this weakness, drawings are often not consistent and one change in a drawing consequently causes too many changes in other drawings. To solve these problems, current trends in the CAD software industry show a main stream approach based on an object-oriented paradigm that integrates 2D and 3D data and representations. Some commercial software packages, such as ArchiCAD, All Plan, AutoCAD ADT, are based on the object-based paradigm integrating 2D and 3D design information. Research efforts [1], [4], [8], [11] and [12] in the academia have also showed great interest in the issues that include how to systematically manage spatial information and how to manage and deliver design information by standardized formats such as the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) model. The goal of this study is to develop a computational mechanism which defines design objects as building components such as walls, slabs, columns and openings based on the object-oriented paradigm, and constructs a building consistently and systematically with the design objects. Special emphasis is placed on developing a computational method to manage spatial design information instantly and consistently that has been long time ignored in the conventional CAD systems. Here, a space means a room enclosed with walls, such as a living room or a dining room, or outdoor space defined by outside wall envelope.

This study is the very first step for the development of a long-term large-scale intelligent CAD system. The building data model used in this project is based on a set of prior research on the building data model by the authors. As research progresses, the model will be further developed and sophisticated. The key issue of the study is to construct semantically-rich architectural forms with minimum input from the designer in the interactive, instant, automatic manner. It is also an important issue to manage spatial design information as well as information about building components (Fig. 15). Managing both types of information, spatial and formal, is, we believe, very important for any intelligent architectural CAD systems. Other system requirements considered include automation and real-time construction/management in the process to construct a floor plan.