عوامل مؤثر بر اثربخشی و کارایی تجزیه نیازهای ذینفعان در مرحله توجیهی پروژه های مشارکت عمومی خصوصی

The briefing stage is of utmost importance to public private partnership (PPP) projects as it conveys the major message regarding what stakeholders need. However, stakeholders' needs are not often stated clearly at the briefing stage. In considering this, the current paper aimed at analyzing the key stakeholders' needs that should be known by project participants. Eighteen factors related to stakeholders' needs were identified based on literature and interviews. The importance of these factors was rated using a questionnaire survey in Hong Kong. Also, it was expected that some background variables should be taken into account when rating these factors. Therefore, other than using simple rating methods, a custom-made weighted ranking method was developed, which could enable an estimation of the weighted importance of stakeholder-related factors. In this research, four background variables were identified and their effects on the aspects such as type and nature of a PPP project, role in a PPP project, and experience working in a PPP project were examined. In order to group the factors, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted and four dimensions were extracted. The relationship of these dimensions with the four background variables were then tested by means of either t-test or ANOVA. Results indicate that the four background variables were important in ranking the aspects. After incorporating the effect of the four background variables, the weighted importance of the 18 factors was analyzed with the weighted ranking method. Finally, discussion about the rank order of the factors is provided.

Public private partnership (PPP) is widely used in the construction industry worldwide, and was studied by many researchers. One of the specific characteristics of PPP projects is that they have more stakeholders than other types of projects (Tang et al., 2010). Construction briefing is the process by which a client informs others of his or her needs, aspirations and desires, either formally or informally, while a brief is a formal document which sets out a client's requirements in detail. The meetings at the briefing stage are the first time that key stakeholders meet each other and express clear requirements. Good stakeholder relationships will benefit the process of briefing while bad stakeholder relationships will hinder it (Yang et al., 2011). So this study is conducted to identify and examine the critical factors which relate stakeholders that affect the effectiveness and efficiency of briefing in PPP projects. The paper starts with a description of the background of PPP and briefing stage, especially concerning the stakeholder aspect. Then the rationale behind the design of a questionnaire survey is explained. This collected the public sector's opinions to identify the critical factors of the briefing stage in PPP projects. The section of Factor analysis presents the examination of how background variables may affect the critical factors. A mathematical model was developed to rank the factors in order to identify their importance level. At the end of the paper, the Conclusions are summarized, and suggestions given to both public and private sectors to improve the briefing stage concerning the stakeholder aspect.

PPP is widely used in many construction projects worldwide. The KMO test supports the conclusion that survey data are adequate for factor analysis. Factor analysis establishes four dimensions of stakeholders involved in the briefing stage: “stakeholder ability for briefing”, “stakeholder consultancy to briefing”, “stakeholder ethic for briefing”, and “stakeholder facilitation in briefing”. Also, the effect of four background variables on the four dimensions was tested and partially supported. Validity analysis and reliability analysis confirm the quality of the questionnaire survey, the soundness of the factor analysis, and the internal consistency of the stakeholder-related factors. A mathematical model adopted from Gaussian distribution was used to add a weight generated by the four background variables to estimate the weighted ranking scores of factors. Mathematical analysis concludes that the 18 factors are different in their importance level in making briefing successful. The limitation of research presented in this paper is all factors tested are related stakeholders and all data were collected from the public sector in Hong Kong. Future research will be carried on into two parts. First, the factors presented here will be tested in real cases by working with related government departments. Secondly, there are other aspects which have impacts on the success of briefing such as factors of risk and finance (Tang et al., 2010) which should be studied and tested in future research in order to have a more comprehensive picture on how to improve PPP in the briefing stage. Although the responses of this questionnaire survey are from the public sector, the findings in this research may facilitate all stakeholders in attending and making collaboration in briefing so as to increase the value of PPP projects. Because all factors tested in the paper are related stakeholders, other stakeholders should learn the preference of the public sector. This will contribute to an effective and efficient briefing of PPP-type construction projects.