درک پذیرش سیستم برنامه ریزی منابع سازمانی (ERP) از دید کاربر

An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is a new management technology that advocates an integrated approach to conduct business. While organizations are hoping to apply this technology to improve overall performance, they must understand what it takes for their employees to use it. Although the use of ERP systems may not be voluntary, the understanding of system adoption from the user's perspective is useful in helping the organizations prepare their employees to face new challenges and learn how to make good use of the technology. To analyze factors affecting the ERP system usage, we proposed a conceptual model derived from the Triandis framework. The use of the Triandis framework is based on the previous research that documents the importance of social factors on the adoption of a technology. An empirical study was conducted in Hong Kong to understand the adoption process. Our research results show that social factors are the most significant determinant affecting the ERP system usage. Other factors such as compatibility and near-term consequences are also significant. Based on our findings, we also propose some important managerial implications in connection to promoting the usage.

It has been well recognized in the management literature that it takes all business units or departments of an organization to work together to achieve its overall objectives and goals. This integrated view of management requires that each unit not only function efficiently and effectively within, but also understand how its activities and decisions affect the functions of other units. On the other hand, information systems have been developed in an ad-hoc manner focusing on their corresponding business units. This creates islands of information in the organization making information sharing difficult. To support an integrated management approach, enterprise resource planning (ERP) has been proposed as a solution (Shanmugam et al., 2000). ERP emphasizes resource planning from an enterprise's perspective. ERP systems implement ERP concepts enterprise wide and cover all business functions. Many benefits have been realized from the use of ERP systems. The advantages include better information sharing within the organization, improved planning and decision quality, smoother coordination between business units resulting in higher efficiency, and quicker response time to customer demands and inquiries. Building on top of these advantages, organizations may promote customer relationship management that would strengthen customer loyalty and satisfaction, and achieve larger market share. ERP systems, similar to other management information systems, are often perceived as very complex and difficult to be implemented (Liang et al., 2007; Xue et al., 2005). For many organizations, ERP systems are the largest systems they have worked with in terms of the financial resource invested, the number of people involved and the scale of implementation. Several recent cases of ERP system implementation have experienced considerable difficulties (Goldberg, 2000; Krasner, 2000; Wah, 2000; Xue et al., 2005). The failure rate of ERP implementation is very high (Yeh et al., 2007). Among other obstacles, technical problems and people obstacles have been cited as the major barriers (Botta-Genoulaz and Millet, 2006; Krasner, 2000). To further understand the ERP adoption process, this research attempts to identify key factors that determine the ERP system usage using a well-established theoretical framework, the Triandis model.

In this paper, we use the Triandis model as a theoretical foundation to understand the determinants of ERP system adoption. Although an adoption study cannot completely imply system implementation success, it helps understand the determining factors for system success. Our study found that Social factors, Compatibility and Near-term consequences are the important factors affecting ERP system usage. Based on our finding, it is clear that it is important to create a supportive social atmosphere to encourage system use. End-user involvement in the implementation is also critical. In addition, the benefits of ERP on individual productivity must be conveyed to end-users.