کنترل جابجایی سطح زمین توسط سیستم GPS-GIS

Despite the traffic increases at the World's airports, little works have been done on methodologies to improve vehicles and airplanes ground control. This may be leading to reduced safety. Here an integrated system is developed to help guarantee suitable separations of land vehicles and airplanes moving on the airport ground area It can also addressed issues of the optimal use of taxi and runways. The system is composed of global positioning systems hardware, checks on the position of land vehicles and airplanes on the ground in real time, and special-purpose geographical information systems software for the tracking of land vehicles and airplanes within different planning operations.

Traffic congestion at many major airports is increasing. There are generally more vehicles moving in the airside, including aircraft and land vehicles (buses, service cars, vehicles for handling operations, and tank trucks). While some areas are kept specifically for aircraft (e.g., runways) or land vehicles (e.g., maintenance areas), potential conflicts arise during such operations as passenger transferring to/from the aircraft, and aircraft handling and servicing. Furthermore, on the restricted areas, there is a potential conflict between aircraft and aircraft, or land vehicles and land vehicles. This is a particular challenge during operations such as landing or take-off when the aircraft speeds are high and manoeuvrability is limited. The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) defines a runway incursion as “any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of separation reduction with an aircraft taking-off, intending to take-off, landing or intending to land” (Flight Safety Foundation, 2000). A similar definition has been developed by the European Organization for the Safety of the Air Navigation (within Eurocontrol), that defines the runway incursion as “any unauthorized presence on a runway of an aircraft, vehicle, person that creates a collision hazard or results in a potential loss of separation”. Potential conflicts, however, also can occur with circulation in other spaces, such as taxiways and aprons, even if the most critical situations involve runways (Janic, 2000). To assure safe operations at airport areas surface movement ground control systems (SMGCS) (Pitfield et al., 1998) have been developed. They aim to control ground circulation to meet safety standards and to optimally manage ground movements, e.g., by reducing excessive spacing of aircraft and directing moving vehicles along paths optimal for the system. Here we combine global positioning system (GPS) advanced technology and user-friendly geographical information systems (GIS) to check in real time the location of land vehicles and aircraft. Data coming from land vehicles and aircraft by GPS providers are processed by a centralized system and the position of each is depicted in a GIS tool.