تجزیه و تحلیل در اثربخشی مدیریت تقاضای حمل و نقل در پکن

From 2006 to 2009, a set of transportation demand management (TDM) policies were applied in Beijing during various important activities. This paper studies the performance targets, the implementation details and compares the effects of these TDM measures which implemented during different important activities. On the basis of TDM effectiveness analysis, it is evident that combined strategies are implemented successfully. At the same time, compared with evening peak-hour, the traffic status of morning peak-hour changes more significantly, morning peak-hour during the important activities should be paid more attention.

Great changes have already been and are still taking place in Chinese economic and social life since early 90s, which as a result brings significant pressure to the transportation systems of almost all Chinese big cities. For example, in Beijing, the number of motor vehicles became twofold in numbers during the last decade (157 8000 in 2000 to 350 4000 in 2008)[1] and produced annoying urban traffic congestions and severe environmental pollutions. Increasing number of vehicles in Beijing from 2000 to 2008 is shown in Fig. 1. To deal with these problems, Beijing government has executed several constructing projects to boost the performance of current transportation infrastructures. Moreover, different intelligent transportation control systems (e.g. SCOOTS,ARCTRA, and etc.), traffic information dissemination systems,electronic payment, and toll collection systems have also been applied in Beijing [2]. However, according to the investigation data, traffic jams are occurring more frequently mainly because of the tremendous increase of vehicle holders [3,4]. In response, Beijing government is advocating on residents to take use of public transportation services instead of private cars since early 2000. To deal with the increasing transportation problems, Beijing government is trying all means to reduce the total volume of traffic or to promote shifts towards more sustainable modes of transport, as well.Different policies and measures are attempted, which include but not limit to installing advanced transportation control systems and advocating public transport (e.g. constructing exclusive bus lanes).Transportation demand management, which is also called travel demand management in some literatures, usually refers to the management of the distribution of, and access to transportation and services on the basis of needs [5]

Some useful conclusions about how to improve the quality of transport services and to satisfy the need of international community and local public during the important activities can be drawn from the above analysis.(1) Pay more attention to morning peak-hours during important activities: compared with evening peak-hours, the traffic status of morning peak-hours changes more significantly. Because on-duty time of school, business or governmental departments are centralized (from 8:00 AM to 8:30 AM), the travel time of the remained vehicles is still concentrated in the morning although about 50 percent vehicles are on prohibition. Transportation management on traffic flow control in morning peak-hours should be paid more attention to and considered comprehensively.(2) Various TDM policies should be worked together during important activities: On the basis of data collected before,during and after Olympic Games, it is evident that the combined TDM strategies are implemented successfully. For instance, the odd-even day vehicles prohibition and staggered morning work hours are implemented at the same time, the effectiveness of this strategy is more impactful than if only the odd-even day vehicles prohibition is implemented.