تجزیه و تحلیل هزینه فایده و کاهش انتشار آلاینده ها از موهبت بازبینی روشنایی در بخش مسکونی

This study projects electricity savings, cost-benefit analysis and emission reduction of lighting retrofits in Malaysia residential sector. The cost-benefit is determined as a function of energy savings due to retrofit of more efficient lighting system. The energy savings were calculated based on 25, 50 and 75% of potential retrofits of inefficient lighting in residential sector. The study found that, this strategy save a significant amount of energy and consumers money. However, an effort to create energy efficiency awareness among consumers and subsidies efficient lighting should be identified, because this efficient lighting is quite expensive in Malaysia.

A lighting retrofit is replacing inefficient lighting with the efficient one. Electricity savings over time is significant enough to not only pay for the new lighting, but also produce return on the investment. This can be done by either reducing the input wattage or reducing the hours of operation of the lighting to reduce energy consumption. The studies on retrofitting inefficient lighting by reducing input wattage are presented by Refs. [1], [2], [3] and [4]. This study is also proposed to reduce wattage by retrofitting of incandescent lamp with more efficient compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) in residential sector in Malaysia. These can be replaced by energy efficient lamps that are available in 8, 14 and 18 W versions with the equivalent of 40, 60 and 100 W of incandescent light bulbs [5]. CFL lamps start instantly under 0.1 s with energy consumption 80% less than incandescent light bulb and lasting more than 5000 h. However, this lamp is quite expensive in Malaysia, it is about RM 11.90–23.90 (US$ 1 = RM 3.8), which is 8–17 times of the price of incandescent bulb. This CFL can replace incandescent light bulbs without any modification. In incandescent lamp, electricity heats up a wire filament, causing it to glow and give the light and that is why more than 90% of the energy produced by incandescent lights is heat, not light and therefore incandescent are inefficient light sources. Meanwhile an ordinary incandescent bulb's lifetime is usually about 750 h before burning out. This study attempts to calculate potential electricity savings, emission reduction and cost-benefit analysis of lighting retrofit policy in Malaysia residential sector at national level. This is to encourage the authority and policymakers to implement this simple strategy to reduce rapid electricity consumption growth in residential sector. Successful experimentation in efficient lighting has been conducted in commercial sector [6].

The calculation result shows that lighting retrofit give significant impact on residential electricity consumption at national level. The program should be considered for implementation. This can be done by introducing consumer efficiency awareness campaign or subsidies the efficient lighting system. The result also shows that, the retrofitting of the lighting system A with B is very promising policy at national and household level in order to save energy and reduce emission in Malaysia. Furthermore, by using efficient lighting indirectly also reduce a significant amount of emission from power generation as presented in Table 7. Moreover, the total potential monetary savings are about RM 141 million for 25% retrofit, RM 282 million for 50% retrofit and 423 million 75% retrofit for 5000 operation hours of efficient lighting. It can be concluded that consumers should encourage using efficient lighting to replace existing inefficient lighting in their household. Hopefully, this piece of work can give an initiative for policymakers, government, practitioners and related organization to introduce this strategy especially in developing countries since the program is creating benefit for every one.