طراحی فرایند های تعاونی در روابط مشتری، تامین کننده: رویکرد مبتنی بر شبیه سازی و نظریه تصمیم

Performance improvement in supply chains, taking into account a customer demand in the tactical planning process is essential. It is more and more difficult for customers to ensure a certain level of demand over a medium term horizon as their own customers ask them for personalisation and fast adaptation. It is thus necessary to develop methods and decision support systems to reconcile the order and book processes. In this context, this paper intends firstly to relate decision under uncertainty and the industrial point of view based on the notion of risk management. This serves as a basis for the definition of an approach based on simulation and decision theory that is dedicated to the design of cooperative processes in a customer–supplier relationship. This approach includes the evaluation, in terms of risk, of different cooperative processes using a simulation-dedicated tool. The evaluation process is based on an exploitation of decision theory concepts and methods. The implementation of the approach is illustrated on an academic example typical of the aeronautics supply chain.

Supply chain management emphasises the necessity to establish cooperative processes that rationalise or integrate the forecasting and management of demand, reconcile the order and book processes, and mitigate risks. These cooperative processes are often characterised by a set of point-to-point (customer/supplier) relationships with partial information sharing (Galasso et al., 2006). In this context, at each level of the supply chain, a good understanding of the customer demand is a key parameter for the efficiency of the internal processes and the upstream supply chain (Bartezzaghi and Verganti, 1995). However, due to a substantial difference among the supply chain actors in terms of maturity regarding their use of enterprise systems, it is more or less difficult to implement cooperative processes for the different participating companies. Indeed, while large companies have the capability of using and managing efficient cooperative tools, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) suffer from a partial vision of the supply chain and have difficulties to analyse the uncertain information communicated from customers. This paper aims at providing suppliers (e.g. in aeronautics) with a cooperation support that takes advantage of the information provided by customers in a cooperative perspective, even if this information is uncertain. Thus, we propose a decision and cooperation support approach based on a simulation of planning processes in the point-to-point supply chain relationship. More precisely, we are concerned with the joint evaluation of the impact of the customer's supply management process and the supplier's demand management and planning processes. After discussing the state of the art (cf. Section 2) on cooperation in supply chain management and supply chain risk Management, we introduce the context and the related challenges (cf. Section 3). Then, Section 4, describes the approach based on simulation and decision theory proposed to evaluate the risks pertained to the choice strategies for demand management (supplier) and supply management (customer). At last, the proposed methodology is implemented on an illustrative example (cf. Section 5).