طراحی و تجزیه و تحلیل هزینه توربین آبی واکنشی ساده سر پایین برای تامین انرژی منطقه از راه دور

This paper is aimed at exploring the performance characteristics of a simple reaction hydro turbine for power generation. Using principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, the governing equations have been identified for an ideal case of no frictional losses. The paper also describes the conception of a cross-pipe rotor for remote area electricity production. Using the ideal governing equations an optimized geometry of the rotor was selected for the working head of 5 m. Theoretical analysis of the self-governing characteristics has been presented. Experiments were carried out for 2, 3, 4 and 5 m head and evaluated against theoretical results. Split pipe turbine model is presented with detail layout, while different methods of experimentation are explored for different output requirements with varied heads. Various losses in the system are discussed, quantified and included in the graphical format. It is also demonstrated that the experimental power outputs do not have the same tendencies as theoretical predictions and decreases due to jet interference beyond a certain rotational speed as it passes the maximum power point.

With the increase in awareness about the importance of a sustainable environment, it has been recognized that traditional dependence on fossil fuel extracts a heavy cost from the environment. Hence keeping in mind that the world is currently heavily dependent on fossil fuels which are rapidly diminishing, the role of renewable energy has been recognized as great significance for the global environmental concerns. Hydro-power is a good example of renewable energy and its potential application to future power generation cannot be underestimated. Water energy being a clean, cheap and environment friendly source of power generation is of great importance for sustainable future; being aware of this fact, still major of the hydro energy is under utilized. The main reason being initial investment in building huge dams and large power stations, the second reason is these large dams are not environment friendly. Additionally, most of the low head water sources are yet to be explored. The cost of the commercially available low head water turbines is considerably high per kilowatt output, more research need to be done on lowering the cost of these low head hydro-power systems. Use of these low head water sources will help in de-centralization of power supply and helping remote area power supply [1]. Thus Barker's Mill/Hero's turbine was acknowledged to be the best option for cheap turbine [2]. This paper will focus mainly on the manufacturing and experimentation of a simple reaction water turbine working on the same principle of Barker's Mill under the micro-hydro range for low head applications. Simple manufacturing methods using locally available material and skills with cost analysis will be presented. The performance of the test unit will be explored and evaluated as well as identify potential areas for improvement.