شرکتهای کوچک و متوسط ​​و اثر آنها بر استخدام رومانیایی

This paper examines the relationship between the Small and Medium Enterprise SME sector and employment in Romanian non-financial business economy for the 2000-2010 period. The paper makes a comparative analysis between SMEs and large enterprises to identify whether, in Romania, small businesses contribute more to job creation and whether they are more productive than larger firms are. The empirical results confirm that SMEs represent a source of employment and income, but their labour productivity is more reduced compared to large enterprises. We consider that, in Romania, there is need to increase the innovative and competitive power of SMEs, so that these become the engine not only for more jobs, but also for better jobs.

Creating jobs that assure the increase in the well-being of people represents one of the fundamental objectives that any country has to achieve. Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs, as a vehicle for entrepreneurship Acs, 1992 and a source of employment and income, contribute not just to employment and social and political stability, but also to innovative and competitive power Thurik and Wennekers, 2004. SMEs contribute largely to the achievement of fundamental objectives of any national economy. SMEs are the engine of the European economy, EC, 2005. They are an essential source of jobs, createentrepreneurial spirit and innovation in the EU and are thus crucial for fostering competitiveness and employment, accounting for more than 67% of private sector jobs and providing more than 58% of total turnover in the EU, EC, 2011. By Small Business Act SB for Europe, EC, 2008, the role of SMEs in the European economy has been acknowledged at the highest political level. The SBA established a comprehensive SME policy framework for the EU and its Member States. Improving the business environment, especially for SMEs, it represents one of the seven flagship initiatives stipulated in Europe 2020 Strategy in order for the European economy to become a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy leading to high levels of employment, productivity and social cohesion. Enterprises are the heart of this strategy, and considering the fact that the overall majority of all enterprises are SMEs, the enterprise policy for reaching these goals mainly revolves around SMEs, De Kok et al., 2011.

The positive tendencies recorded by the SMEs regarding their number, employment and GVA, in nonfinancial business economy in the 2000-2010 period, indicates the increase in their contribution to economic growth and job creation, thus assuring the transition conditions from the managed economy to the entrepreneurial economy. In Romania, this transition has not ended yet, but it is still continuing. The results of our statistical-economic analysis confirms the theoretic hypothesis according to which net job creation rates decrease with each firm size class, being higher in micro and small enterprises than in medium enterprises. The fact that there is a strong and positive relationship between changes in SMEs and employment and economic development is confirmed as well. We notice that SMEs compared to large enterprises have more reduced labour productivity, being less productive. This suggests that many SMEs are unable to benefit from economies of scale and to adopt or develop innovations, being less capital intensive. We consider that, in Romania, there is need for innovative growth and competitive power of SMEs, for these to become the engine not only for more jobs, but also for better jobs