فراسوی "جعبه سیاه نوآوری ": تبدیل سرمایه گذاری های "تحقیق و توسعه" به اشتغال و رشد اقتصادی

The emergence of the so-called “European Paradox” shows that increasing Governmental R&D Investment is far from being a ‘panacea’ for stagnant growth. Surprisingly, Governmental R&D Employment does not contribute to ‘mass-market’ employment, despite its important role in reducing Youth-Unemployment. Despite the negative side-effect of Governmental R&D Employment on economic growth, University R&D Employment appears to have a quite important role in reducing Unemployment, especially Youth-Unemployment, while it also does not have a downside in terms of economic growth. Technological Capacity enhancement is the most effective instrument for reducing Youth-Unemployment and is a policy with a quite robust effect regarding sustainable economic development.