انتخاب یا عدم انتخاب: یک آزمایش در استراتژی های هنجاری و ترجیحات ریسک

We conduct a small field experiment on hedging and risk-taking in a relatively high-stakes environment. Students in an economics principles class at a large private university are allowed to choose multiple answers on multiple choice exams with a corresponding reduction in the maximum attainable points. In addition to the usual grade pressure for such classes, this class is also a key component for determining entrance into a coveted limited enrollment business major. We control for question difficulty using a second section of the same course taught by the same instructor. We also build a simple model to explain the findings. We find hedging propensities increase with the question number, suggesting that fatigue plays a role in students’ decisions. We also find that student quality (as measured by ACT scores) significantly reduces hedging on the Final exam but not on the Midterm. This may be evidence of learning among more able students.