بین المللی کردن، نوآوری و موسسات: تقویت پایه های رقابت شرکت های بازار نوظهور

The past decade has seen an increase in the extent of research focused on and around emerging market firms (EMFs) and their rising levels of competitiveness in both their home markets and more importantly in the global market place. At the same time, the practitioner-oriented literature has been documenting a growing number of corporate success stories that originate in emerging market economies. We posit that the growing prominence of EMFs is a result of three interrelated phenomena: the fast-paced internationalization of EMFs into both developing and developed market economies; the rapidly increasing extent to which business enterprises in emerging economies are focusing on knowledge-intensive processes and innovation; and the continuous evolution of institutions in these markets, particularly in terms of economic liberalization.

Based on Eyring et al. (2011) “more than 20,000 multinationals are operating in emerging economies”, while Mathew (2011) adds that “the number of BRIC companies on the Financial Times 500 list [has] more than quadrupled” between 2006 and 2008 alone. 1 Further evidence can be found in The Global Competitiveness Report ( World Economic Forum, 2009, World Economic Forum, 2010 and World Economic Forum, 2011) in which we have seen the continuing increase in the competitiveness levels of most large developing economies, the most prominent being the BRIC nations. However, this increase is also observed in many of the smaller strong-growth economies (e.g., Cambodia, Vietnam and even a few African economies), which have moved up the ranks over the past few years. It is important to understand the phenomena underlying this drastic change in the distribution of global competitiveness. In the following discussion, we introduce some key definitions and arguments. Subsequently, we provide a selection of case examples of how these phenomena can manifest themselves in the real world. We develop the structure of the 3 I's view (i.e., internationalization, innovation and institutional change), drawing on examples that highlight the dynamic interaction between those factors.