ساخت طرح انتشار تجاری اتحادیه اروپا : وضعیت، چشم انداز و مفاهیمی برای کسب و کار

Emissions trading is likely to be a crucial pillar of future climate change policy. Since 2005 the European Union (EU) has implemented a CO2 emissions trading scheme, the first major global scheme of its kind, and potentially an important precursor for other such schemes. This article assesses whether the EU Emissions Trading Scheme has lived up to its promise as a cost-effective tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Kyoto Protocol targets and beyond. It outlines the possible steps to improve the functioning of the EU ETS and identifies the resulting managerial implications.

The EU has identified climate change as one of the most important challenges. Recognising that climate change is likely to have major negative consequences for the environment, the economy and societies at large, the EU has repeatedly confirmed its position that an increase in the global, annual, mean surface temperature should not exceed 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.1 An important step for the EU to achieving this goal is the effective implementation of the Kyoto Protocol’s commitments with the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) European Union, 2003 and European Union, 2004) being the central instrument. Launched in 2005, the EU ETS is the first cross-border tradable permit or emissions trading scheme to address GHG emissions, covering almost 11,500 installations or about 45% of total CO2 emissions in the EU, including process emissions.2 The EU ETS has quickly become the reference point for GHG emissions trading schemes, which in all likelihood will become a crucial part of the global response to climate change. This article assesses whether, after more than two years of operation, the EU ETS has lived up to its promise as a cost-effective tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Kyoto Protocol targets and beyond. It describes the original intention of the EU ETS, before it reviews and evaluates current implementation, and thereby takes a more realistic view on what the ETS has achieved. Next it discusses the future challenges and the potential to address them, before looking ahead to attempts to increase predictability, a precondition for new and low-carbon investment.