اختلالات مصرف الکل و اختلالات دوقطبی: عوامل خطر مرتبط با همراهی آنها و دنباله ای از وقوع آن

In the AUD-BD group, alcohol might have been used to reduce stress and tension caused by the presence of an irritable temperament as well as anxious and organic disorders, leading to first depressive episode. In the BD-AUD group, stimulant use might have triggered the first manic episode, and alcohol abuse result from mania severity.