فیزیوتراپی و فیتومینینگ

Phytoremediation of inorganics is comprised of technologies to protect the environment from contaminated soils. This broad group of technologies includes phytoextraction (removal from soil), phytomining (accumulating economic metal value in plant biomass) and phytostabilization (limiting plant metals and soil metal uptake and/or bioavailability using plants and soil amendments). As agronomic technologies, selection of plant genotypes, management of soil properties, appropriate use of fertilizers and soil pH adjustment amendments are required for optimum effectiveness. Phytoextraction depends on the availability of plants which can accumulate and tolerate ∼100-fold higher metal concentrations than tolerated by common crop species. Unless a plant can accumulate over 1% (10 g/kg) of a metal in dry shoot biomass, it is unlikely to remove metals rapidly enough to support economic remediation. For element cases where contamination is low (Cd), plants which accumulate over 1000 μg/g may be able to achieve adequate phytoextraction. In the case of Ni, the combination of extensive ultramafic soils rich in Ni, and natural hypernickelophores (accumulate over 10 g Ni/kg) with high harvestable biomass yield allows a phytomining technology to be profitable. Increasing knowledge of the biochemistry and genetic mechanisms used by hyperaccumulator plants portend the day that high biomass element hyperaccumulator plant genotypes can be constructed for soil remediation in all climatic zones.