جوانان در فقر دائمی چه چیزی را حفظ می کنند؟ تجزیه و تحلیل مقایسه با استفاده از ECHP

Previous studies suggest that there are strong differences in the rates of youth poverty across European countries. Rather surprisingly, it is found to be high in Scandinavian countries, and relatively speaking, lower in Mediterranean and Anglo-Saxon countries. This somewhat unexpected finding prompts the question whether the incidence of poverty is an appropriate measure of youth disadvantage. Instead of considering poverty rates we consider the length of recorded poverty spells, taking into account explicitly the temporal sequencing of the episodes of poverty. Using the European Community Household Panel, individuals are classified into different groups of poverty permanence, each reflecting severity of social disadvantage. Based on these categories we implement a generalized ordinal logit model to assess the various factors associated with social disadvantage among youth. We find that cross-national patterns differ from those found in previous studies. In particular from our findings it does not result that poverty is highest among young people in Social Democratic countries. Our analysis shows important gender differences, though they are not the same across the countries included in the study. For some countries it turns out that being a woman is a protective factor against long-term poverty. As previous studies suggests, young individuals’ living arrangements matter.

There is now a well-developed literature on household poverty, including specific subgroups such as children and older people. In contrast, the literature on youth poverty is emerging only now ( Iacovou and Berthoud, 2001, Aassve et al., 2005a, Aassve et al., 2006 and Iacovou et al., 2007). One of the most remarkable findings from these recent studies is that youth poverty in Social Democratic countries (represented by Denmark and Finland) are much higher than in any other European country. This is not only the case from a cross-sectional point of view, but also in the dynamic perspective: young individuals in Social Democratic countries are considerably more likely to enter poverty than is the case in any other European country. The studies also demonstrate that out of the many events that take place in young individuals’ lives, such as completion of education, entering the labor force, getting married and having children, it is the event of leaving the parental home that is by far the most important driver behind youth poverty.