محکوم کردن به عنوان توضیح؟ تجزیه و تحلیل تئوری سیستم از ریشه های و واکنش به پارک بورندن 1946 و بلایای ورزشگاه فوتبال هیلزبورو در سال 1989

This paper argues that disasters and disaster accounts originate in systems of practice and belief. It suggests that to assert control and defend their interests, authorities may demonise the victims of disaster. The paper demonstrates how systems thinking, specifically the application of actor-network theory, explains the organisation and resourcing of accounts that blame victims. It shows how, by 'bending space around themselves', texts and claims, appropriately amplified and reproduced, can quickly and enduringly shape perceptions and responses. Analysis of the narratives that held sway in the immediate aftermath of Burnden and Hillsborough suggests that, at least in regard to football disasters and with reference to the work of Goldman, Horlick-Jones and Cook, victim-blaming may be an enduring feature of the social landscape.