مقاله پژوهشی اصلی: بررسی خللی تصادفی از سقط جنین در سطح فردی ناشی از پنسیلوانیا مشاوره سقط جنین

Despite the small sample size in this pilot study, differences in stigma scores for women exposed and unexposed to mandated counseling approached significance even after controlling for income category. Women who heard the mandated counseling had reduced stigma scores. A larger study is needed to better characterize this effect. Further research is needed to understand how state policies, counseling interactions and socioeconomic status are related to abortion stigma.