دانلود مقاله ISI انگلیسی شماره 59913
ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله

شادی، آزادی و کنترل

عنوان انگلیسی
Happiness, freedom and control
کد مقاله سال انتشار تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی
59913 2009 16 صفحه PDF
منبع

Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)

Journal : Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Volume 71, Issue 2, August 2009, Pages 146–161

ترجمه کلمات کلیدی
خوشبختی؛ ابزار؛ آزادی انتخاب؛ منبع کنترل
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی
D1; D6; D7; D9; H4; O1Happiness; Utility; Freedom of choice; Locus of control
پیش نمایش مقاله
پیش نمایش مقاله  شادی، آزادی و کنترل

چکیده انگلیسی

How do people value freedom of choice? Drawing on economics and psychology the paper provides an hypothesis and empirical evidence on how individuals may value freedom of choice and derive utility from it. It is argued that the degree of perceived control that individuals have over choice – a construct known as the locus of control in psychology – regulates how we value freedom of choice. People who believe that the outcome of their actions depends on internal factors such as effort and skills (the ‘internals’) have a greater appreciation of freedom of choice than people who believe that the outcome of their actions depends on external factors such as fate or destiny (the ‘externals’). We find some evidence in support of this hypothesis using a combination of all rounds of the World and European Values Surveys. A variable that measures freedom of choice and the locus of control is found to predict life satisfaction better than any other known factor such as health, employment, income, marriage or religion, across countries and within countries. We show that this variable is not a proxy of happiness and measures well both freedom of choice and the locus of control. ‘Internals’ are found to appreciate freedom of choice more than ‘externals’ and to be happier. These findings have important implications for individual utility, social welfare and public policies.