کمال گرایی و اختلال تغذیه ای در زن مبتلا به اضافه وزن

Introduction Perfectionism constitutes a risk factor for the development of eating disorders. In overweight women, knowledge about the nature of this association is scarce. Objectives To investigate the relationship between perfectionism, eating behaviors and affect in overweight women. Methods The Portuguese versions of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire/EDEQ, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire and the Profile of Mood States were administered to an outpatient sample of 276 women (mean age = 43.85 ± 11.89 years; mean BMI = 32.82 ± 5.43 kg/m2). Results Correlations between Socially Prescribed Perfectionism/SPP, EDEQ total (T) and its dimensional scores (Weight and Shape Concern and Dissatisfaction/WSCD, Eating Concern/EC, Dietary Restraint/DR) were significant (r > .30; p > .001). Self-Oriented Perfectionism/SOP was significantly correlated with EDEQ-T, WSCD and DR (r = .20). Participants with high (> M + SD) vs. low (< M-SD) SOP and SPP had significantly higher means in EDEQ-T, WSCD, EC and DR (p < .001). Linear regression showed that SPP was predictor of EDEQ-T and EC (p < .001). Conclusions SPP and SOP are related to disordered eating in overweight wome

During the last decades there has been an increasing interest in the topic of perfectionism. Many studies have shown that perfectionism plays an integral role in the etiology, maintenance and course of a wide range of psychopathologic conditions such as depression, obsessive–compulsive disorder, social phobia, suicidal behavior, eating disorder (ED) (Egan et al., 2011 and Shafran and Mansell, 2001) and sleep problems (Azevedo et al., 2009, Azevedo et al., 2010 and Bos et al., 2013). Perfectionism has been identified as a specific risk factor for the development of ED, defined by the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (APA, 2012), in large-scale community studies that examined risk factors for patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), anorexia nervosa (AN), and binge eating disorder (BED) (Fairburn, Cooper, Doll, & Welch, 1999; Fairburn et al., 1999). Prospective studies have also shown that perfectionism constitutes a risk factor for the development of disordered eating attitudes (abnormal behaviors associated with eating disorders e.g., restraint eating; emotional eating; night eating; weight, shape, and eating concerns (Quick, Byrd-bredbenner, & Neumark-sztainer, 2013) along a continuum at the extreme end of which we have eating disorders as AN and BN (Egan et al., 2011 and Soares et al., 2009). The early view of perfectionism focused exclusively in the intrapersonal aspects (ex. Hamachek, 1978), evolved to a multidimensional perspective encompassing the intrapersonal and interpersonal facets of this trait, and also emphasizing that some of its dimensions can have an negative impact on psychological health (Hewitt & Flett, 1991). In the majority of the reviewed studies (Stoeber & Otto, 2006), the perfectionism dimensions found to be associated with psychopathology were concerns over mistakes and doubts about actions from the Frost-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (F-MPS) ( Frost et al., 1990) and SPP from the Hewitt & Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (H&F-MPS) ( Hewitt & Flett, 1991). However, it is important to note that the distinction between the positive and negative aspects of perfectionism is not clear-cut ( Broman-Fulks, Hill, & Green, 2008). In non-clinical sample studies, results from our group confirm that high levels of both SPP and SOP are associated with abnormal eating behaviors (Bento et al., 2010, Macedo et al., 2007 and Soares et al., 2009). All these data suggests that perfectionism is a significant predictor of psychological maladjustment in the context of these clinical conditions, plays an important role in the maintenance of ED (Fairburn et al., 2003 and Macedo et al., 2007) and is a persistent trait even in periods of symptom remission (Macedo et al., 2007) that should be managed. To date, the majority of studies focusing in this relation have been restricted to AN and BN and to our knowledge no studies in overweight women with disordered eating behavior have been performed. Thus, our aim was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism, eating behaviors and affect in overweight women.

The implications of the findings from the present study are that psychological variables, such as dysfunctional personality traits (e.g., negative perfectionism) and negative affect should be addressed in nutritional/weight loss interventions with overweight women in order to prevent the development of pathological eating behavior. Further research is warranted in order to examine whether perfectionism dimensions predict change in disordered eating and if perfectionism dimensions are mediators and moderators of disordered eating in overweight women. Additionally, it will be also important to determine if these findings replicate in males and in more racially diverse samples.