عبور از شکاف با محصولات چراغ در صنعت پخش موسیقی قابل حمل

We found that Apple's first iPod model triggered market takeoff and that many competitors tried to emulate the original iPod design, leading to convergence around its key design features. But it took the iPod/iTunes store combination, a new ecosystem for the legal download of digital music, to bridge the gap between early MP3 adopters, primarily young people, to mainstream markets. The iPod/iTunes ecosystem proved more difficult for competitors to copy and many of the firms that had pioneered the MP3 category exited the industry or were relegated to small niches. By subsequently introducing new models with smaller form factors at lower prices and expanding iTunes Store offerings, Apple effectively preempted competitors from gaining share in this growing market.