رشد مصرف، اولویت برای تسطیح، تغییر انتظارات و صرف ریسک

This paper derives a relationship between consumption growth, the consumption–wealth ratio and its first-difference, and asset returns. Using quarterly data for sixteen OECD countries, we find that the three-factor asset pricing model explains a large fraction of the variation in real stock returns. The model captures: (i) the concerns of agents with states of the world in which consumption growth is low; (ii) the preference of investors for a smooth consumption path as implied by the intertemporal budget constraint; and (ii) the role played by shifts in expectations about future returns due to positive or negative news about their wealth.