یک مدل کارآفرینانه دانشگاهی پژوهش محور در مدیریت مالکیت فکری برای توسعه اقتصادی در اقتصادهای نوظهور متمرکز: مورد دانشگاه کشاورزی بوگور، اندونزی

Higher education institutions in emerging regions of the world are increasingly expected (largely by their governments and community) to promote regional economic development and national competitiveness. This case study on one of the prominent academic universities in Indonesia – Bogor Agricultural University (Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB) – highlights its successes and lessons learned in managing intellectual property as an entrepreneurial research-based university. This analysis of IPB provides general and specific insights for university administrators, researchers, and policy makers, especially in emerging economies, on appropriate strategies and measures in promoting synergies between research, entrepreneurialism and technology commercialization. The model provides strategies to maximize university research outputs, knowledge transfer and innovation to empower regional communities, and promote strategic and transformational partnerships, private sector engagement and economic growth opportunities for both the institution and the region.

This paper examines the programs of Bogor Agricultural University (Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB) that support the university's goal of becoming an entrepreneurial, research-intensive university. IPB is the largest agricultural university and an important player in Indonesia's innovation systems for agriculture; it serves as a good case study of how Indonesia's higher education institutions (HEIs) are responding to regional and global challenges and opportunities. Although the management of knowledge and innovation of Asian universities has been featured in many noteworthy publications, Indonesia's case is of particular interest because of its current status as an emerging and booming economy. The added missions imposed on Indonesian universities to support sustainable growth and economic development are of relevance to HEIs in other emerging economies, which are increasingly expected to do the same. Indonesia's IPB has made great strides in restructuring itself based on an entrepreneurial, research intensive model to address national and global challenges and opportunities. This case study draws on primary and secondary data, analysis of published studies, reports, and statistics, selected articles, policy documents and patent databases over the four year time period of 2008–2012. Expert opinion was sought from public and private sector intellectual property (IP) practitioners to analyze the current state of IPB's IP and technology management efforts and provide appropriate recommendations for further growth in the research and technology commercialization sectors. Analysis on the four “P”s, people, policies, processes, and products of IP management was modeled on the study of Payumo et al. [1]. Critiques of the impact of IP and patents to the mission and role of public sector institutions such as HEIs, including the suitability of policy and legislation such as the U.S. 1980 Bayh–Dole Act on technology transfer, as relevant to Indonesia, are beyond the scope of this paper.

This paper presents the history, strategies and lessons learned from IPB in its goal of becoming an entrepreneurial, research-based university – an emerging model for higher-education institutions in emerging economies to better interface core missions in education and research with societal benefits. Specifically, this case study focused on how IPB exploits intellectual property and creative ideas, creates new learning by partnership with internal and external stakeholders, and how the university contributes to local economic and social development. IPB's case further demonstrates that pursuing the goal of becoming an entrepreneurial, research-based university requires a national legal framework, research budget, and backed with the right mix of: Policies, People, Processes, and Products. IPB has made good progress in supporting academic research and management of university technologies, creating a professional model for emulation by other institutions.